SaitechAI — Concentration Calculators (Interactive)

Weight / Weight %

\( \%\frac{w}{w} = \dfrac{w_2}{W}\times 100 \) (If \(W\) blank → uses \(w_1+w_2\))

Solute mass \(w_2\)

Solvent mass \(w_1\) (optional)

Solution mass \(W\) (leave blank to auto = \(w_1+w_2\))

Weight / Volume %

\( \%\frac{w}{v} = \dfrac{w_2}{V}\times 100 \)

Solute mass \(w_2\)

Solution volume \(V\)

Volume / Volume %

\( \%\frac{v}{v} = \dfrac{V_2}{V}\times 100 \)

Solute volume \(V_2\)

Solution volume \(V\)

Molarity (M)

\( M = \dfrac{n_2}{V} = \dfrac{w_2/M_2}{V} \ \text{(mol L}^{-1}\text{)} \)

Solute mass \(w_2\)

Molar mass \(M_2\) (g/mol) Solution volume \(V\)

Molality (m)

\( m = \dfrac{n_2}{w_1(\mathrm{kg})} = \dfrac{w_2/M_2}{w_1(\mathrm{kg})} \ \text{(mol kg}^{-1}\text{)} \)

Solute mass \(w_2\)

Molar mass \(M_2\) (g/mol) Solvent mass \(w_1\)

Normality (N)

\( N = \dfrac{eq_2}{V} = \dfrac{w_2}{\text{GEW}_2\,V}, \ \text{GEW}_2=\dfrac{M_2}{e} \)

Solute mass \(w_2\)

Molar mass \(M_2\) (g/mol) Equivalence factor \(e\) (reaction-specific) Solution volume \(V\)

Mole Fraction (of solute, \(x_2\))

\( x_2=\dfrac{n_2}{n_1+n_2}, \ n_2=\dfrac{w_2}{M_2},\ n_1=\dfrac{w_1}{M_1} \)

Solute mass \(w_2\)

Solvent mass \(w_1\)

Solute molar mass \(M_2\) (g/mol) Solvent molar mass \(M_1\) (g/mol)

Parts per million (ppm)

Mass fraction (general): \( \mathrm{ppm} = \dfrac{w_2}{W}\times 10^6 \)
Aqueous (approx.): \( 1~\mathrm{mg\,L^{-1}} \approx 1~\mathrm{ppm} \)

Mode:

Solute mass \(w_2\)

Solution mass \(W\)

For the mg/L ≈ ppm approximation, assume density ≈ 1.00 g·mL⁻¹ and dilute aqueous solution.